FTP is very helpful for businesses as it allows them to perform important functions such as the transfer of large and bulky files on a routine basis. These activities cannot be done over email or through other basic file-sharing programs. It is also used to upload and manage website files to the server.

The FTP is still a very popular way for transferring files but due to the security regions, many peoples prefer SFTP. Use this article to create SFTP only users without shell access.

In this write-up, we will be focusing on how to set up an FTP server with VSFTPD on Ubuntu 20.04.

Installing vsftpd on Ubuntu

VSFTPD is the default FTP server for most Linux distributions. We will start off by installing it on our system. Use the command given below to install VSFTPD.:

sudo apt update 
sudo apt install vsftpd 

Now verify the successful installation of VSFTPD by executing the following command:

sudo systemctl status vsftpd 

How to Configure vsftpd on Ubuntu

Now we will configure the newly installed vsftpd. The configuration rules of vsftpd are stored in /etc/vsftpd.conf. Open the configuration file in any text editor. Here we will use nano to open the configuration file:

sudo nano /etc/vsftpd.conf 

Update the following configuration settings:

1. FTP access

   To only allow local users to access FTP server, make sure your configuration file matches the one given below:

   anonymous_enable=NO
   local_enable=YES
   

2. FTP Passive connections

   VSFTPD works on the active mode by default. To allow VSFTPD to work on passive mode copy the below-given lines into your configuration file:

   pasv_min_port=40000
   pasv_max_port=45000
   

   You can give any range of ports to the configuration file. The system will connect a random port from the range you’ve chosen.

   The connection is established by the server in active mode whereas in the passive mode the connection is established by the client’s side.

3. Enable Uploads

   To allow the FTP user to modify the filesystem, search for the following line in the configuration file and uncomment it by removing the ‘#’ (hash) symbol from the beginning of the line:

   write_enable=YES
   

4. Restrict FTP access

   To allow only certain users to access VSFTPD, copy the below given lines at the end of the configuration file:

   userlist_enable=YES
   userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd.user_list
   userlist_deny=NO
   

These configuration settings are very basic. You can set the configuration rules according to your own needs.

Press Ctrl + X and then hit Enter to save and exit the text file. Now run the following command to restart the VSFTPD service:

sudo systemctl restart vsftpd 

How to Configure the Firewall For FTP on Ubuntu

Now we will configure the firewall to allow FTP traffic. We will open ports 20 and 21, the default/recommended ports for FTP, and ports 40000:45000 for passive FTP. But first, let’s allow SSH by using the command given below otherwise we may get locked out of our server:

sudo ufw allow OpenSSH 

If you get an error “ERROR: Could not find a profile matching ‘OpenSSH’” then you first need to install OpenSSH before running the above command. Use the following command to install OpenSSH on your system:

sudo apt install ssh

Once everything is set up, open the default ports 20 and 21 for FTP:

sudo ufw allow 20:21/tcp

Open the ports 40000:45000 for passive FTP as well:

sudo ufw allow 40000:45000/tcp

Now run the firewall by using the following command. Ignore, if it gives a warning about the disruption of SSH connection. Press y and hit Enter:

sudo ufw enable

The firewall is already active and enabled on my system.

You may run the following command to verify the firewall rules that were just added:

sudo ufw status

How to Create a user for FTP on Ubuntu

Use the “adduser” command to create a new user. We will use this user to login into FTP.

sudo adduser test_user 

The terminal will ask you to set the password of the new user. It will also ask for a few other details. Just press Enter if you do not want to provide these details.

You can restrict this user’s SSH access if you only want them to log in through FTP. Use the nano editor to open the SSH configuration files:

sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config 

Now copy the following line and paste it into the configuration file to restrict the users access:

DenyUsers test_user

(Do remember to replace “test_user” with the actual name of your user)

Save and exit the configuration file and reboot the SSH service using the below-given command to let the changes take effect:

sudo systemctl restart ssh

Now add the user to the list of FTP users by running the following command:

echo "test_user" | sudo tee -a /etc/vsftpd.user_list

Next make a new directory for the user to use for uploading the files:

sudo mkdir -p /home/test_user/ftp/test_dir 

Now give permissions to the new user according to your requirements. Here we are giving the following permission to the test_user:

sudo chmod 550 /home/test_user/ftp 
sudo chmod 750 /home/test_user/ftp/test_dir 
sudo chown -R test_user: /home/test_user/ftp 

Here 550 gives the “read” and “execute” permission in the following way:

While 750 gives the “write” permission as well to the owner in the following way:

That’s it. Your FTP server has been fully set up.

Conclusion

FTP is used to transfer files between computers on a network. It is a protocol that dictates (instructs) how data is transferred between computers on the network. People still use FTB but it is not as secure as SCP or SFTP.

In this write-up, we focused on how to install, set up, and configure VSFTPD. Moreover, we comprehended how to configure firewalls and create a new user for FTP.

You may also like another tutorial, how to download and upload files using ftp command line.

The post How To Setup FTP Server with VSFTPD on Ubuntu 20.04 appeared first on TecAdmin.

This tutorial help you to install and configure Puppet master and agent nodes on Ubuntu 20.04 Linux systems.

Prerequisites

You must have:

• Two or more running Ubuntu 20.04 systems, one for master and other clients.
• Shell access to all systems with sudo privileged account.
• All systems must be connected with each other over private or public network.

Step 1 – Configure Hosts

Puppet master and client nodes uses hostnames to communicate with each other. So its good to start with assigning a unique hostname for each node.

1. Login to the master and each client node one by one and edit /etc/hosts file:

sudo nano /etc/hosts 

2. Add the following entries at the end of each hosts file:

10.132.14.239 puppetmaster puppet
10.132.14.240 puppetclient1
10.132.14.241 puppetclient2

Here:

• 10.132.14.239 is the IP address of the master node.
• 10.132.14.240 is the IP address of the client node.
• 10.132.14.242 is the IP address of another client node.
• Add more client nodes, you required

Save your file and close it. To save file with nano editor press Ctrl + X and then type Y and press Enter to save the change and close file.

Step 2 – Install Puppet Server (Master Node)

Now, login to the Master node with the shell access

3. Install latest Puppet debian package to configure PPA on the master node:

wget https://apt.puppetlabs.com/puppet7-release-focal.deb 
sudo dpkg -i puppet7-release-focal.deb 

4. Once you added the PPA, update Apt cache and install the Puppet server with the following command:

sudo apt update 
sudo apt install puppetserver -y 

5. After successfully installation of all the Puppet packages. Edit the puppet server file by using:

sudo nano /etc/default/puppetserver

The default puppet server file configured to use 2GB of memory. In case your server doesn’t have enough memory. Reduce the memory size to 1GB or any other value:

JAVA_ARGS="-Xms1g -Xmx1g -Djruby.logger.class=com.puppetlabs.jruby_utils.jruby.Slf4jLogger"

Save you changes and close puppetserver file. To save file with nano editor press Ctrl + X and then type Y to save the changes.

6. Next, start the Puppet service and set it to auto-start on system boot:

sudo systemctl start puppetserver 
sudo systemctl enable puppetserver 

7. Once service is started, verify the service status with:

sudo systemctl status puppetserver 

You will see the service status as running.

Now, start with the configuration of all client node.

Step 3 – Install Puppet Agent (Client Node)

First of all, make sure you already have updated hosts file entries defines in step 1 in all client nodes.

8. Now, download and install latest Puppet debian package to configure PPA on your client node:

wget https://apt.puppetlabs.com/puppet7-release-focal.deb 
sudo dpkg -i puppet7-release-focal.deb 

9. Once you configured the PPA, Install the Puppet agent package on all client servers.

sudo apt update 
sudo apt install puppet-agent -y 

10. Once the packages installation finished. Edit the Puppet configuration file:

sudo nano /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/puppet.conf 

Add the following entries to the end of the Puppet configuration file to define the Puppet master node details:

[main]
certname = puppetclient1
server = puppetmaster

Save your file and close it.

11. Next, start the Puppet agent service on all the client nodes and set it to auto-start on system boot:

sudo systemctl start puppet 
sudo systemctl enable puppet 

12. Once done, verify the Puppet agent service is running properly:

sudo systemctl status puppet 

You should see a running status on all the agent systems

Step 4 – Sign the Puppet Agent Certificates

13. Your have done with the configuration’s. Now, login to the Puppet master node and run the following command to list all the available certificates:

sudo /opt/puppetlabs/bin/puppetserver ca list --all 

14. Next, sign all the clients certificates using:

sudo /opt/puppetlabs/bin/puppetserver ca sign --all 

15. Finally, test the communication between Puppet master and client nodes using the following command.

sudo /opt/puppetlabs/bin/puppet agent --test 

Conclusion

That’s it. You have successfully installed Puppet on Ubuntu 20.04 system. This tutorial describes you to install Puppet on master node as well as on a client node.

You can also visit the official documentation for more about Puppet server node configuration and client node configuration on

The post How to Install Puppet on Ubuntu 20.04 appeared first on TecAdmin.

In some countries tor is illegal to use or blocked. So before using Tor browser, be sure its allowed to use in your country. As of today, Tor is not illegal to use in United States and India.

This article will help you to install Tor browser on Ubuntu 20.04 Linux system.

Installing Tor Browser on Ubuntu

Tor browser launcher makes easier to install and use Tor Browser on GNU/Linux users. You can install torbrowser-launcher directly from the default repositories on Ubuntu 20.04 systems.

Login to your system with sudo privileged account and open a terminal (CTRL+ALT+T) and type:

sudo apt update 
sudo apt install torbrowser-launcher 

Press ‘y’ for any confirmation asked by the installer.

This will install Tor Browser launcher on your system (not Tor browser). The Tor browser will be installed in next step.

Using Tor Browser

Search for torbrowser-launcher in all applications un Activities from Ubuntu desktop systems. You can also launch application by executing command torbrowser-launcher on terminal.

At the first time, this will install Tor Browser or ask you to install as below screenshot.

Keep all settings as default and click on “Install Tor Browser” button.

Once the installation finished, it will launch Tor browser on your system. Click the “Connect” button to connect Tor Browser to the Tor network for secure browsing.

That’s it. You have successfully installed Tor Browser on your system.

Uninstall Tor Browser

When you found tor browser is no more in use, you can remove it from your system. To remove Tor browser, just type following command from system terminal:

sudo apt purge torbrowser-launcher 

Conclusion

This tutorial helped you to install Tor browser on Ubuntu 20.04 desktop system. Now, Tor browser will hide your identity and allow you to browser web securely.

The post How to Install Tor Browser on Ubuntu 20.04 appeared first on TecAdmin.

This tutorial described you step-by-step tutorial to install Apache Kafka on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Linux system. You will also learn to create topics in Kafka and run producer and consumer nodes.

Prerequisites

You must have sudo privileged account access to the Ubuntu 20.04 Linux system.

Step 1 – Installing Java

Apache Kafka can be run on all platforms supported by Java. In order to set up Kafka on the Ubuntu system, you need to install java first. As we know, Oracle java is now commercially available, So we are using its open-source version OpenJDK.

Execute the below command to install OpenJDK on your system from the official PPA’s.

sudo apt update 
sudo apt install default-jdk

Verify the current active Java version.

java --version 

openjdk version "11.0.9.1" 2020-11-04
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 11.0.9.1+1-Ubuntu-0ubuntu1.20.04)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 11.0.9.1+1-Ubuntu-0ubuntu1.20.04, mixed mode, sharing)

Step 2 – Download Latest Apache Kafka

Download the Apache Kafka binary files from its official download website. You can also select any nearby mirror to download.

wget https://dlcdn.apache.org/kafka/3.2.0/kafka_2.13-3.2.0.tgz 

Then extract the archive file

tar xzf kafka_2.13-3.2.0.tgz 
sudo mv kafka_2.13-3.2.0 /usr/local/kafka 

Step 3 – Creating Systemd Unit Files

Now, you need to create systemd unit files for the Zookeeper and Kafka services. Which will help you to start/stop the Kafka service in an easy way.

First, create a systemd unit file for Zookeeper:

vim /etc/systemd/system/zookeeper.service

And add the following content:

[Unit]
Description=Apache Zookeeper server
Documentation=http://zookeeper.apache.org
Requires=network.target remote-fs.target
After=network.target remote-fs.target

[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=/usr/local/kafka/bin/zookeeper-server-start.sh /usr/local/kafka/config/zookeeper.properties
ExecStop=/usr/local/kafka/bin/zookeeper-server-stop.sh
Restart=on-abnormal

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Save the file and close it.

Next, to create a systemd unit file for the Kafka service:

vim /etc/systemd/system/kafka.service

Add the below content. Make sure to set the correct JAVA_HOME path as per the Java installed on your system.

[Unit]
Description=Apache Kafka Server
Documentation=http://kafka.apache.org/documentation.html
Requires=zookeeper.service

[Service]
Type=simple
Environment="JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.11.0-openjdk-amd64"
ExecStart=/usr/local/kafka/bin/kafka-server-start.sh /usr/local/kafka/config/server.properties
ExecStop=/usr/local/kafka/bin/kafka-server-stop.sh

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Save the file and close.

Reload the systemd daemon to apply new changes.

systemctl daemon-reload

Step 4 – Start Kafka and Zookeeper Service

First, you need to start the ZooKeeper service and then start Kafka. Use the systemctl command to start a single-node ZooKeeper instance.

sudo systemctl start zookeeper

Now start the Kafka server and view the running status:

sudo systemctl start kafka
sudo systemctl status kafka

All done. The Kafka installation has been successfully completed. The part of this tutorial will help you to work with the Kafka server.

Step 5 – Create a Topic in Kafka

Kafka provides multiple pre-built shell scripts to work on it. First, create a topic named “testTopic” with a single partition with a single replica:

cd /usr/local/kafka
bin/kafka-topics.sh --create --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --replication-factor 1 --partitions 1 --topic testTopic

Created topic testTopic.

The replication factor describes how many copies of data will be created. As we are running with a single instance keep this value 1.

Set the partition options as the number of brokers you want your data to be split between. As we are running with a single broker keep this value 1.

You can create multiple topics by running the same command as above. After that, you can see the created topics on Kafka by the running below command:

bin/kafka-topics.sh --list --bootstrap-server localhost:9092

[output]
testTopic

Alternatively, instead of manually creating topics you can also configure your brokers to auto-create topics when a non-existent topic is published to.

Step 6 – Send and Receive Messages in Kafka

The “producer” is the process responsible for put data into our Kafka. The Kafka comes with a command-line client that will take input from a file or from standard input and send it out as messages to the Kafka cluster. The default Kafka sends each line as a separate message.

Let’s run the producer and then type a few messages into the console to send to the server.

bin/kafka-console-producer.sh --broker-list localhost:9092 --topic testTopic

>Welcome to kafka
>This is my first topic
>

You can exit this command or keep this terminal running for further testing. Now open a new terminal to the Kafka consumer process on the next step.

Step 7 – Using Kafka Consumer

Kafka also has a command-line consumer to read data from the Kafka cluster and display messages to standard output.

bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --topic testTopic --from-beginning

Welcome to kafka
This is my first topic

Now, If you have still running Kafka producer (Step #6) in another terminal. Just type some text on that producer terminal. it will immediately be visible on the consumer terminal. See the below screenshot of the Kafka producer and consumer in working:

Conclusion

This tutorial helped you to install and configure the Apache Kafka service on an Ubuntu system. Additionally, you learned to create a new topic in the Kafka server and run a sample production and consumer process with Apache Kafka.

The post How to Install Apache Kafka on Ubuntu 20.04 appeared first on TecAdmin.

In this tutorial, you will find instructions to download Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Focal Fossa ISO images from official site. Also you will learn how to download images with zsync command line utility.

Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Download Links

Select your favorite Desktop edition and use below links to download the required editions.

• Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Desktop

  Ubuntu 20.04 64-bit PC (AMD64) desktop image
  Ubuntu 20.04 64-bit PC (AMD64) desktop torrent

Download Ubuntu ISO with Curl

Wget and curl is the frequently used commands for downloading files over ftp, http protocols. This tutorial will use curl command to download files, You can use wget instead. Make sure you have curl utility installed on your system.

sudo apt install curl -y 

Then download the Focal Desktop or server edition image:

### Ubuntu 20.04 Desktop Edition 
curl -O http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/focal/daily-live/current/focal-desktop-amd64.iso 

### Ubuntu 20.04 Server Edition 
curl -O http://releases.ubuntu.com/20.04/ubuntu-20.04.1-live-server-amd64.iso 

Download Ubuntu ISO with Zsync

Zsync allows us to download only the updates in a iso file. So, first install the zsync utility on your system:

sudo apt install zsync -y 

Now, use the following command to download Ubuntu Desktop ISO image.

zsync http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/focal/daily-live/current/focal-desktop-amd64.iso.zsync 

The first time, it will show you a message on screen “No relevent local data found – I will be downloading the whole file.” It means zsync is downloading the complete ISO files.

Next time, when you want to download updates, use the same command from directory contains previously downloaded iso file. Alternatively, use -i option to define existing iso file. Now, zsync only download the change part of the ISO only.

zsync -i focal-desktop-amd64.iso http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/focal/daily-live/current/focal-desktop-amd64.iso.zsync 

#################### 100.0% 1503.2 kBps DONE

reading seed file /root/focal-desktop-amd64.iso: ***************************
****************************************************************************
*************Read /root/focal-desktop-amd64.iso. Target 100.0% complete.
verifying download...checksum matches OK
used 2827042816 local, fetched 0 

Conclusion

In this tutorial, you have learned multiple options to download Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Focal Fossa ISO images.

The post Download Ubuntu 20.04 LTS – DVD ISO Images appeared first on TecAdmin.

The Python 3.9 stable version has been released with several improvements and security updates. It included multiple new modules, improved existing modules, and many other features.

You can choose deadsnakes PPA for Python installation on Ubuntu 20.04 system.

Use this tutorial to install Python 3.9 On Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Linux system via Apt-Get. You can also choose the second method to install Python using source code.

Prerequisites

Login to your Ubuntu system and open a terminal, then install some required packages.

sudo apt update 
sudo apt install wget software-properties-common 

Installing Python 3.9 Using Apt

Use the Ubuntu package manager Apt to install Python 3.9 on Ubuntu Linux system. Follow the below steps:

1. Open a terminal by pressing CTRL+ALT+T and then configure deadsnakes PPA to your system.

   sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa 
   

2. Once you added the PPA on your Ubuntu system, update the apt cache and install Python 3.9 on Ubuntu.

   sudo apt update 
   sudo apt install python3.9 
   

3. Wait for the installation to complete. Check the Python version by executing:

   python3.9 -V 
   
   Python 3.9.6
   

That’s it, You have successfully installed Python 3.9 on your Ubuntu 20.04 LTS system.

Installing Python 3.9 Using Source Code

You also have one more option to install Python 3.9 using source code. We don’t recommend installing Python 3.9 packages from source code. But in some cases, you may need to install Python from the source code.

So follow the below instructions to install Python 3.9 using source code on Ubuntu 20.04 Linux system.

1. First of all, install essential packages for compiling source code. Open a terminal and execute following commands:

   sudo apt install build-essential checkinstall 
   sudo apt install libreadline-gplv2-dev libncursesw5-dev libssl-dev \
       libsqlite3-dev tk-dev libgdbm-dev libc6-dev libbz2-dev libffi-dev zlib1g-dev 
   

2. Now, download the Python 3.9 source code from the official download site. Switch to a relevant directory and use wget to download the source file.

   cd /opt 
   sudo wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.6/Python-3.9.6.tgz 
   

3. Next, extract the downloaded archive file and prepare the source for the installation.

   tar xzf Python-3.9.6.tgz 
   cd Python-3.9.6 
   sudo ./configure --enable-optimizations 
   

4. Python source is ready to install. Execute make altinstall command to install Python 3.9 on your system.

   sudo make altinstall 
   

   make altinstall is used to prevent replacing the default python binary file /usr/bin/python.

5. The Python 3.9 has been installed on Ubuntu 18.04 system. Verify the installed version:

   python3.9 -V 
   
   Python 3.9.6
   

6. Remove the downloaded archive to free space

   sudo rm -f /opt/Python-3.9.6.tgz 
   

Conclusion

In this tutorial, you have learned to install Python 3.9 on Ubuntu 20.04 using Apt and source code. You can try Python examples via command line.

The post How To Install Python 3.9 on Ubuntu 20.04 appeared first on TecAdmin.

This tutorial will help you to install ffmpeg on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Linux system.

Prerequisites

You must have shell access with sudo privileged account access on your Ubuntu 20.04 system.

It is an good idea to keep your system packages update ot date. So, login to your system and update current packages on your system.

sudo apt update 
sudo apt upgrade 

Install FFmpeg on Ubuntu 20.04

The Ubuntu 20.04 LTS contains ffmpeg debian packages under the default repositories. During the article update 4.2.4 is available for the installation.

To install FFmpeg, open a terminal and execute the following commands..

sudo apt update 
sudo apt install ffmpeg 

Once the packages installed on your system. Check the version of ffmpeg on your system:

ffmpeg -version 

Output:

ffmpeg version 4.2.4-1ubuntu0.1 Copyright (c) 2000-2020 the FFmpeg developers
built with gcc 9 (Ubuntu 9.3.0-10ubuntu2)

Using FFmpeg Command Line

The ffmpeg command line interface provides a large number of options to work with it. Below is the list of basic command line options used with ffmpeg.

ffmpeg -version:            show version
ffmpeg -formats:            show available formats
ffmpeg -codecs:             show available codecs
ffmpeg -decoders:           show available decoders
ffmpeg -encoders:           show available encoders
ffmpeg -bsfs:               show available bit stream filters
ffmpeg -protocols:          show available protocols
ffmpeg -filters:            show available filters
ffmpeg -pix_fmts:           show available pixel formats
ffmpeg -layouts:            show standard channel layouts
ffmpeg -sample_fmts:        show available audio sample formats

As as basic command line example, below command will reduce the size of a .mov file.

Reduce .mov File Size:

ffmpeg -i input.mov -c:v libx264 -c:a copy -crf 20 output.mov 

You can also convert a file format using ffmpeg command line. Below example command will change .mov file to .mp4 video format.

Convert .mov To .mp4

ffmpeg -i input.mov -vcodec copy -acodec aac -strict experimental -ab 128k output.mp4 

Conclusion

This tutorial provides you instruction’s to how to install FFmpeg on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Linux system. Also visit the official documentation page to learn more about uses of ffmpeg command line tool.

The post How to Install and Use FFmpeg on Ubuntu 20.04 appeared first on TecAdmin.

You can install LibreOffice either using the Debian package available under official PPA or use Snap package to install.

This tutorial will help you to install LibreOffice on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Linux system.

Prerequisites

Login to your Ubuntu system with sudo privileged account access.

Installing LibreOffice on Ubuntu

The latest Libreoffice packages are available under the official PPA. Also, the Snap package is available for the libreoffice installation.

Choose one of the below methods to install Libreoffice on Ubuntu system:

• Install Libreoffice using Snap Package

  The Libreoffice snap package is maintained by the canonical team. The Ubuntu 20.04 system comes with pre installed snap package manager.

  Open a terminal on your system and execute:

  sudo snap install libreoffice 
  

• Install LibreOffice via PPA

  LibreOffice 7.0 specific PPA is available with the latest debian packages.

  First of all, you can add it to your system by launching terminal and run command:

  sudo add-apt-repository ppa:libreoffice 
  

  Software Updater utility will update the packages cache on your system. So you have to run the following command to install or upgrade LibreOffice on your system:

  sudo apt install libreoffice 
  

That’s it. Libreoffice has been installed on your system.

Launch Office Application’s

Search for the libreoffice application launcher under the activities. You will see the application launcher for all the office suite application launchers there.

Click to launch office application on your choice.

Conclusion

In this tutorial, you have learned to install LibreOffice office application on Ubuntu 20.04 Linux system.

The post How to Install LibreOffice 7.0 on Ubuntu 20.04 appeared first on TecAdmin.

This guide will show you how to install the Slack desktop app on Ubuntu 22.04, 21.10, and 20.04 desktop systems.

Installing Slack on Ubuntu

The official Ubuntu repository doesn’t offer slack packages. We must therefore download the relevant .deb file from the repository and install it manually. Alternatively, we may install the Slack application from the Snap store.

Here are two methods for installing the Snap app on Ubuntu computer systems.

Method 1: Install Slack using Snap Package

Slack is available as a snap package for the installation on the Ubuntu system. Snap packages can be installed from either the command line or via the Ubuntu Software application.

Open a terminal on your system and type:

sudo snap install slack --classic 

All done. Slack has been installed using the Snap package.

Method 2: Install Slack using Debian Package

You can also install the Slack client application using the Debian package. Visit the official Slack download page. Execute the following command to install Slack on Ubuntu after downloading the Slack Debian package to your device
You can also install the Slack client application using the Debian package.

sudo dpkg -i ~/Downloads/slack-desktop-*.deb 

All done. Slack has been installed using the Debian package.

Launch Slack Application

Slack application launcher will be available under all applications. Go to the Activities corner and click the Show Applications icon.

Then search for the “slack”. You will see the launcher below:

Click the launcher icon to open the Slack application on Ubuntu systems.

Conclusion

In this tutorial, you have learned to install the Slack desktop application on Ubuntu 22.04, 21.10 & 20.04 LTS Linux system. You can now communicate with other people, and groups by signing up with your Slack account.

The post How to Install Slack on Ubuntu 22.04 & 20.04 appeared first on TecAdmin.

Chromium is perfectly safe for using. Make sure to download it from a good source or official Google download page. Also make sure to update it on regular basis.

If you are looking for the Chrome (Not chromium) web browser, You can use our tutorial to install Google chrome web browser on Ubuntu system.

This tutorial will help you to install chromium web browser on Ubuntu 20.04.

Install Chromium on Ubuntu

Most of the modern operating systems have chromium browser in default package repositories. Also Chromium is available as Snap package for installation.

Choose one of the below method for installing chromium in Ubuntu system.

• Install Chromium using Snap Package

  A Snap package is containerized software packages provide easy to install method. You can install sanp package via the command line or using Ubuntu Software application.

  Open a terminal on your system and type:

  sudo snap install chromium 
  

  All done. Chromium web browser has been installed on your Ubuntu desktop. The Snap package will also update it automatically in then background.

• Install Chromium using Debian Package

  The Chromium debian package is available under the default apt repositories.

  Use the following commands to update apt cache and install the Chromium package.

  sudo apt update 
  sudo apt install chromium-browser 
  

Open Chromium Browser

Open the applications menu and search for Chromium. You will see the chromium browser link similar to chrome but in different color as below screenshot:

Click to the chromium icon link to launch browser:

Conclusion

In this tutorial, you have learned about to install Chromium on Ubuntu 20.04 Linux system. hh

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