fedora – TecAdmin https://tecadmin.net How to guide for System Administrator's and Developers Tue, 18 Oct 2022 06:38:09 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.1.1 How To Install Apache Solr 9.0 on Fedora 36/35 https://tecadmin.net/how-to-install-apache-solr-on-fedora/ https://tecadmin.net/how-to-install-apache-solr-on-fedora/#comments Mon, 23 May 2022 09:27:16 +0000 https://tecadmin.net/?p=13982 Apache Solr is an open-source search platform written on Java. Solr provides full-text search, spell suggestions, custom document ordering and ranking, Snippet generation, and highlighting. This tutorial will help you to install Apache Solr 9.0 on Fedora 36/35/34/33/32 Linux systems. Step 1 – Prerequsities Apache Solr 9.0 required the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) version 11 [...]

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Apache Solr is an open-source search platform written on Java. Solr provides full-text search, spell suggestions, custom document ordering and ranking, Snippet generation, and highlighting.

This tutorial will help you to install Apache Solr 9.0 on Fedora 36/35/34/33/32 Linux systems.

Step 1 – Prerequsities

Apache Solr 9.0 required the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) version 11 or higher. If the system doesn’t have JRE installed, use the following command to install OpenJDK 17 on the Fedora system.

sudo dnf install java-17-openjdk 

You can check the installed Java version at the command line using:

java -version

openjdk 17.0.3 2022-04-19
OpenJDK Runtime Environment 21.9 (build 17.0.3+7)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 21.9 (build 17.0.3+7, mixed mode, sharing)

Step 2 – Install Apache Solr on Fedora

Now download the required Solr version from its official site or mirrors. You may also use the below command to download Apache Solr 9.0 from its official website. After that extract the installer script.

wget https://dlcdn.apache.org/solr/solr/9.0.0/solr-9.0.0.tgz 
tar xzf solr-9.0.0.tgz solr-9.0.0/bin/install_solr_service.sh --strip-components=2 

Then execute the installer script with bash shell followed with downloaded Archive file. The command will be like below:

sudo bash ./install_solr_service.sh solr-9.0.0.tgz 

This will create a user with the name solr in your system and finish the installation process. After that start the service default Solr port 8983.

Step 3 – Managing Apache Solr Service

Use the following commands to Start, Stop and check the status of the Solr service.

  • Start Solr service:
    sudo service solr start 
    
  • Stop Solr service:
    sudo service solr stop  
    
  • Restart Solr service:
    sudo service solr restart  
    
  • Check the Solr service status:
    sudo service solr status  
    
    Output
    Found 1 Solr nodes: Solr process 30891 running on port 8983 { "solr_home":"/var/solr/data", "version":"9.0.0 a4eb7aa123dc53f8dac74d80b66a490f2d6b4a26 - janhoy - 2022-05-05 01:00:08", "startTime":"2022-05-26T07:52:42.644Z", "uptime":"0 days, 0 hours, 0 minutes, 14 seconds", "memory":"61.4 MB (%12) of 512 MB"}

Step 4 – Create a New Solr Collection

Apache Solr stores values under a collection. A collection is a single logical index that uses a separate solrconfig.xml configuration file with a single index schema.

You can create a new collection using the Apache Solr command-line utility or using Solr APIs. The below command will create a new collection in Solr named mycol1.

sudo su - solr -c "/opt/solr/bin/solr create -c mycol1 -n data_driven_schema_configs" 
Output:
Created new core 'mycol1'

Step 5 – Allow Solr Access on Public Network

The default Apache Solr runs on localhost only. To allow the Solr server publically accessible over networks, edit the /etc/default/solr.in.sh configuration file.

sudo vim /etc/default/solr.in.sh 

Search for the SOLR_JETTY_HOST variable. Uncomment it by removing the starting hash (#) symbol. Set the value to “0.0.0.0”.

Installing Solr on Fedora Linux
Enable Apache Solr to Listen on Public Network

Save the configuration file and restart Solr service:

sudo service solr restart  

You also need to open the port in the system firewall. The below-mentioned command will open port 8983 in firewalld.

sudo firewall-cmd --permanent  --add-port=8983/tcp 
sudo firewall-cmd --reload 

Step 6 – Access Solr Web Admin Panel

The default Apache Solr runs on port 8983. You can access the Solr port in your web browser and you will get the Solr dashboard.

I already have mapped the domain solr.tecadmin.net with the Fedora server IP address.

  http://solr.tecadmin.net:8983/
Installing Apache Solr on Fedora
Apache Solr Dashboard

Here you can view statics of created collection in previous steps named “mycol1”. Click on “Core Selector” on the left sidebar and select created collection.

Installing Apache Solr on Fedora
Apache Solr Collection Details

Conclusion

This tutorial helped you to install Apache Solr on the Fedora Linux system.

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How To Install Git on Fedora Linux https://tecadmin.net/install-git-on-fedora/ https://tecadmin.net/install-git-on-fedora/#comments Thu, 10 Feb 2022 10:47:49 +0000 https://tecadmin.net/?p=5609 Git is a free and open-source distributed version control system. It is designed to handle small to very large projects with speed and efficiency. This article will help you to install the latest Git client on Fedora Linux systems. Method 1. Installing Git using DNF The default Fedora repositories also contain the Git packages. But [...]

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Git is a free and open-source distributed version control system. It is designed to handle small to very large projects with speed and efficiency.

This article will help you to install the latest Git client on Fedora Linux systems.

Method 1. Installing Git using DNF

The default Fedora repositories also contain the Git packages. But it contains an older version. You can use the following command to install the available git client on the Fedora system.

sudo dnf install git 

Method 2. Installing Latest Git from Source

  1. Firstly we need to make sure that we have installed the required packages on your system. Use the following command to install all the required packages for source code compilation.
    sudo dnf install curl-devel expat-devel gettext-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel gcc perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker 
    
  2. Now remove any prior installation of Git through RPM file or Yum package manager. If your older version is also compiled through source, then skip this step.
    yum remove git 
    
  3. Download git source code from kernel git or simply use following command to download Git 2.0.5.
    cd /usr/src 
    wget https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-2.36.1.tar.gz 
    tar xzf git-2.36.1.tar.gz 
    
  4. After downloading and extracting the Git source code, Use the following command to compile the source code.
    cd git-2.36.1 
    sudo make prefix=/usr/local/git all 
    sudo make prefix=/usr/local/git install 
    
  5. Now, configure the PATH environment variable.
    echo "PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/git/bin" | sudo tee -a /etc/environment 
    source /etc/environment 
    
  6. Once completing the above steps, you have successfully installed Git in your system. Let’s use the following command to check the git version
    git --version 
    
    git version 2.36.1
    

Conclusion

This tutorial helped you to install the latest Git client on the Fedora Linux system.

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Top 5 Most Stable Linux Distributions in 2022 https://tecadmin.net/best-stable-linux-distributions/ https://tecadmin.net/best-stable-linux-distributions/#comments Tue, 12 Oct 2021 04:18:57 +0000 https://tecadmin.net/?p=28125 Stable Linux Distributions in 2022 – Linux is one of the utmost famous and free open-source platforms. Linux has recently gained a lot of attention and is widely used due to its security, scalability, and flexibility. The distribution named Linux does all the hard work for you by taking codes from open-source till compiling and [...]

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Stable Linux Distributions in 2022 – Linux is one of the utmost famous and free open-source platforms. Linux has recently gained a lot of attention and is widely used due to its security, scalability, and flexibility. The distribution named Linux does all the hard work for you by taking codes from open-source till compiling and then combining them into a single operating system so that you’re easily able to boot up and install. Furthermore, they also provide you with different options such as the default desktop environment, browser, and other software. Users can get an operating system by installing one of the most stable Linux distros.

Linux has numerous distinct features for different users. There are lots of Linux distributions for a variety of uses, including education, gaming, and developing software. Somehow I can find so many different Linux distributions that I can’t even remember the exact numbers. There are some unique tendencies, revealed in some clones of each other. So it’s kind of confusing. But that’s the beauty of Linux. Few features of Linux distributions are quite identical to one another, but some distributions have their own user interface and unique features.

Although there are numerous Linux distributions, this article conveys the topmost stable Linux distributions of 2022 currently available.

List of Most Stable Linux Distributions

It is quite common for the term “stable” to be used with Linux operating systems or with a distro, this is because of the accessibility of the modification like updating repositories according to user requirements. Out of these modifications, some of them are vital like Debian, roughly like a fork of a base distribution; Arch, Ubuntu, and many others like Mint.

However, they are unable to fulfill numerous features like support and documentation. In this article, we will list down the top 5 most stable Linux Distros carrying good support, repositories, updating regularly, quite easy to use, and durable.

1. Debian Linux

On top of the list, Debian Linux is the most stable Linux distribution. The great thing about it is that it is user-friendly, lightweight, and compatible with other environments. The Debian team has a longer work period, which allows them to fix most of the bugs before releasing a new version.

The current stable distribution of Debian is version 11, codenamed bullseye. Can be downloaded free from the official download page.

Debian Linux
Debian Linux

Main Features

  • Effectively repair bugs
  • It does not require maintenance and the software can be updated itself.
  • The official archive upholds cutting-edge and modern packages of programming.
  • Package manager i.e. Apt the ability to control dependency issues and proficiently orphaned packages

2. Linux Mint

There is always tough competition to be at the top place and the Linux Mint is not far behind. It is the most widely used distribution and is dependent on Debian and Ubuntu. Linux Mint is one of the most well-known Linux distributions that are both free, community-centric open-source Linux distributions with a huge number of packages.

Linux mint was titled as the best distribution in October 2012. “Vanessa” is the latest version, released in July 2022 whereas the older version of this environment was “Ulyssa”. Linux mint also maintains and supports operating systems in Python and helps to modify its software.

Linux Mint
Linux Mint

Main Features:

  • Easy to use
  • Completely supports interactive multimedia
  • Comes with basic software such as “LibreOffice, Thunderbird, HexChat, Pidgin”
  • Linux Mint offers you to download numerous software like “transmission and VLC media player” by using the package manager.
  • Easy to install for newbies
  • Linux Mint also accompanies numerous flavors like “Cinnamon, GNOME, KDE”, etc.

3. Ubuntu

Ubuntu is considered the most established Linux distribution for Debian beginners. It is pre-installed on many laptops these days. The good thing is, Ubuntu has its own repositories and functionalities which are frequently synced with the repositories of Debian.

Ubuntu is a well-known, open-source desktop that contains various applications like an office suite, email and media applications, and so forth. For example, you can easily make presentations, assignments, and formal documents on Ubuntu with LibreOffice.

Ubuntu Linux
Ubuntu Linux

Main Features:

  • The graphical user interface is easy to use as you can easily customize the look according to your needs.
  • Ubuntu has a secure platform.
  • It supports numerous desktop environments i.e. “Unity, XFCE, MATE”, etc.
  • Most customizable distribution for super users.

4. Slackware

Slackware Linux is one of the oldest continuously-developed distributions, having been created by Patrick Volkerding in 1993. that is designed for advanced users who are looking for a secure, stable, and reliable distribution. It has a proven record of reliability and stability, making it a popular choice among advanced users. It is also known for its customizability and comes with a large number of preinstalled packages. It can be used on a wide range of hardware, from low-end PCs to supercomputers.

Slackware Linux
Slackware Linux

Main Features:

  • The oldest Linux operating system with continuous development
  • Flexible and stable distribution
  • Can be easily installed on older hardware.

5. OpenSUSE

OpenSUSE is another incredibly stable Linux distro developed by various companies and SUSE Linux. The purpose of OpenSUSE is to make easily accessible open-source tools by giving developers a user-friendly environment.
OpenSUSE combines and collaborates in order to stop conveying the ordinary release and focus to deliver the most stable distros. The code of OpenSUSE usually takes each one of the extraordinary characteristics from the Enterprise of SUSE Linux and gives the other way around.

Opensuse Linux
Opensuse Linux

Main Features:

  • User friendly
  • It also supports graphic cards.
  • It has various characteristics of “GNOME, KDE, Cinnamon, LXDE, Xfce, Openbox”, etc.

Conclusion

As you can see, each Linux distribution has its own unique features and is optimized to perform specific tasks. This article conveys the top 5 most stable Linux Distributions for 2022.

The term stable is very relative when it comes to operating systems. It depends on the type of hardware you are running on your system or the software you are going to run. An operating system that is stable for one user might not be stable for another. When looking for a new stable OS for your system you should go for the one which has the LTS or stable version tag.

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How To Install Anaconda on Fedora 36/35 https://tecadmin.net/how-to-install-anaconda-on-fedora/ https://tecadmin.net/how-to-install-anaconda-on-fedora/#respond Sun, 12 Sep 2021 07:07:22 +0000 https://tecadmin.net/?p=27730 Anaconda is a distribution that helps us with package management and deployments. It is written in Python and R programming language by data scientists, for data scientists. It includes the packages related to data science for various platforms like Linux, Windows, and macOS. You can use the conda binary for package management with your Python [...]

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Anaconda is a distribution that helps us with package management and deployments. It is written in Python and R programming language by data scientists, for data scientists. It includes the packages related to data science for various platforms like Linux, Windows, and macOS.

You can use the conda binary for package management with your Python applications. Which will provide you with a better environment for faster development.

In this step-by-step tutorial, we will help you to install Anaconda on your Fedora Linux system.

Prerequisites

Login to your Fedora system and open a terminal. Generally, the curl package is default installed on the Fedora system. Execute the following command to install or update the curl package on your system.

sudo dnf install curl -y 

Step 1 – Download the Anaconda Installer

Download the Anaconda installer script from its official website. Visit the Anaconda installer script download page to check for the latest available versions.

Use the curl command-line utility to download the Anaconda installer script as below:

curl --output anaconda.sh https://repo.anaconda.com/archive/Anaconda3-2022.05-Linux-x86_64.sh 

You can also use the SHA-256 checksum, to make sure the package is safe and properly downloaded.

Now set the execute permission for the script.

chmod +x anaconda.sh 

Step 2 – How to Install Anaconda on Fedora

Your system is ready to install Anaconda. Let’s move to the next step and execute the Anaconda installer script as below:

bash anaconda.sh 

Follow the wizard instructions to complete the Anaconda installation process. You need to provide inputs during the installation process as described below:

    01. Use above command to run the downloaded installer script with the bash shell.

    Installing Conda on Fedora
    Start Anaconda Installation on Fedora

    02. Type “yes” to accept the Anaconda license agreement to continue.

    Accept License Agreement in Conda Installer
    Accept License Agreement

    03. Verify the Anaconda installation directory location and then just hit Enter to continue installer to that directory.

    Continue Anaconda Installation
    Continue the Anaconda Installer Process

    04. Type “yes” to initialize the Anaconda installer on your system.

    Intialize Anaconda during Installation
    Intialize Anaconda during Installation

    05. You will see a successful installation message of Anaconda on your system along with more details of installation files and directories.

    Anaconda Installed Successfully on Fedora
    Anaconda Successfully Installed on Fedora Linux

The Anaconda has been successfully installed on the Fedora Linux system. Also, the installer script has added the environment configuration in .bashrc file of current logged in user.

Use the following command to activate the Anaconda environment:

source ~/.bashrc 

Now we are in the default base of the programming environment. To verify the installation we will open conda list.

conda list 
Output:
# packages in environment at /home/tecadmin/anaconda3: # # Name Version Build Channel _ipyw_jlab_nb_ext_conf 0.1.0 py38_0 _libgcc_mutex 0.1 main alabaster 0.7.12 pyhd3eb1b0_0 anaconda 2021.05 py38_0 anaconda-client 1.7.2 py38_0 anaconda-navigator 2.0.3 py38_0 anaconda-project 0.9.1 pyhd3eb1b0_1 anyio 2.2.0 py38h06a4308_1 appdirs 1.4.4 py_0 argh 0.26.2 py38_0 argon2-cffi 20.1.0 py38h27cfd23_1 asn1crypto 1.4.0 py_0 astroid 2.5 py38h06a4308_1

Step 3 – How to Create Conda Environment

Use the following command to create a new Python 3 environment with Anaconda and set its name to “myenv”. You can also choose the specific python version.

conda create -n myenv python=3.9 

Next, activate this environment:

conda activate myenv  

You will see the current environment in the command prompt. This indicates that you are now in the new environment you activated.

To deactivate the current environment use command:

conda deactivate  

This will return you to the base environment.

How to Update Anaconda

You can easily update the Anaconda and packages using the conda binary. To upgrade the Anaconda on your system, type:

conda update --all 
Output:
Proceed ([y]/n)? y

Press “y” to proceed with the update process. The output will show you all the packages that are newly installed or upgrading current packages, and the removal of unnecessary packages.

How to Uninstall Anaconda

If you no longer used the Anaconda on your system. You can uninstall it by removing the installation directories and files created under the home directory.

rm -rf ~/anaconda3 ~/.conda 

Also, edit the ~/.bashrc file and remove the Anaconda environment configuration as shown in below images.

Delete Anaconda from Environment
Delete Anaconda from Environment

Delete the file content and save the file. Then exit from the current shell and open new a new shell.

Conclusion

This article helps you for installing Anaconda on Fedora Linux systems. Additionally provide you instructions to create a new environment with conda. Let’s begin working with your python applications with the Anaconda environments.

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Top 10 Best Linux Server Distributions in 2022 https://tecadmin.net/best-linux-server-distributions/ https://tecadmin.net/best-linux-server-distributions/#comments Wed, 30 Jun 2021 13:50:37 +0000 https://tecadmin.net/?p=26403 Though Windows is the well-known operating system among the common masses, the majority of developers and tech specialists prefer Linux because of its stability, security, and flexibility of customization. Linux has not been performing well in personal Desktop Computers, but it is the preferred operating system when it comes to powering servers and supercomputers. Even [...]

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Though Windows is the well-known operating system among the common masses, the majority of developers and tech specialists prefer Linux because of its stability, security, and flexibility of customization. Linux has not been performing well in personal Desktop Computers, but it is the preferred operating system when it comes to powering servers and supercomputers. Even Microsoft uses Linux for its cloud environments.

Linux is a free, open-source, and very lightweight operating system. It is highly customizable and can easily be optimized to perform specific tasks very quickly. It is more stable, secure, and scalable than the other operating systems, making it the best option when it comes to choosing an operating system for Servers.

The variety of options Linux provides makes it very unique. There are hundreds of different Linux distributions available on the web, which makes the already difficult process of choosing the correct distribution even more confusing.

The first question the IT administrators face is which distribution they will be using for their Servers. This question has no single correct answer. Most of the time, it just comes down to personal choice/preference. But there are other factors you need to look at while choosing the right distribution, like flexibility, reliability, and the task at hand.

10 Best Linux Server Distributions
10 Best Linux Server Distributions

This post will discuss the top ten Linux distributions for servers. We will discuss why these options are one of the best out there. So let’s begin.

1. UBUNTU Server

We’ll start with Ubuntu as it is the most popular and well-known distribution of Linux. It needs no introduction as most people who are familiar with Linux also know about Ubuntu. This distribution is based on Debian and is mostly composed of open-source software. It is free and accessible for everyone.

It has three different editions:

  • Server
  • Desktop
  • Core

Ubuntu Linux Server

Ubuntu also has an LTS version which offers five years of Long Term Support. By using this version, you’ll get essential security updates every five years and you won’t even have to upgrade to a newer version. Moreover, it supports a variety of processors like x86 and ARM64. It comes with many pre-installed features and tools that make it suitable for various types of servers such as files, email, and media servers.

The company behind Ubuntu, Canonical, has now released Ubuntu Cloud, which supports various cloud-based platforms.

Website: https://ubuntu.com/server

Minimum Requirements

  • RAM: 1 GB
  • Hard Drive: of 2.5 GB
  • CPU: 1 GHz

Key Features

  • Regular Updates
  • 5 Years Support of LTS
  • High Scalability
  • Ubuntu Cloud

2. DEBIAN Server

The second distribution on our list is Debian. It is one of the oldest Linux distributions which has stood the test of time. Many distributions such as Ubuntu, use Debian as their base.

This distribution lacks the latest features, but its unparalleled stability covers up the shortcomings. It has a powerful software packaging system and comes with 50000+ packages. Debian supports many computer architectures such as amd64 and Aarch64.

Debian Linux Server

Debian also offers Long term and Extended Long term versions. It also has three different editions:

  • Stable
  • Unstable
  • Testing

As the name suggests, the stable version offers stability and security. The unstable version has the latest features but can break down at any point. The testing version also has up-to-date software but breaks less often than the unstable version.

Website: https://www.debian.org/

Minimum Requirements

  • RAM: 256MB
  • Recommended RAM: 512MB
  • Hard Drive: 2 GB
  • Processor: 1GHz

Key Features

  • Stability
  • Security
  • Strong Package manager with a high number of Packages
  • Extensive Hardware Support
  • Smooth Upgrades

3. FEDORA Server

The third distribution on our list is Fedora. It is a community-developed distribution that delivers the latest in open-source, free software. It serves as the testing ground for RHEL distribution. It has various editions for different user types, such as desktop computer users, servers, IoT devices, and cloud computing. It has all the latest features but those come at the cost of a short life cycle.

Website: https://getfedora.org/

Fedora Linux Server

Minimum Requirements

  • RAM: 128MB
  • Hard Drive: 1 GB
  • Processor: 2GHz

Key Features

  • Latest Software
  • Dynamic Firewall
  • Active Development

4. Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)

RHEL, short for Red Hat Enterprise Linux, is an open-source Linux distribution developed by Red Hat, Inc. based on Fedora and does not offer the cutting-edge software that Fedora provides. But it does offer more stability and an LTS version with a 10-year lifespan.

RHEL was made for commercial purposes and provided enterprise-level support. It is a paid Linux distribution, unlike almost all other distributions in this list. However, Red Hat Inc does freely provide its source code.

Redhat Enterprise Linux Server

This Linux distribution offers one of the longest long-term support. With this distribution, you get a ton of exclusive tools and software.

This distribution is best suited for cloud-based servers and data centers.

Minimum Requirements

  • RAM: 512 MB
  • Hard Drive: 1 GB
  • Processor: 2GHz

Key Features

  • 10 Years of LTS (Long Term Support)
  • Kernel Patching Without Reboot

5. OpenSUSE Leap

The next distribution on our list is famous for its adaptability and flexibility. It is available for desktop computers, laptops, servers, and notebooks. It has two different releases:

  • Leap
  • Tumbleweed

OpenSUSE Linux Server

Leap is the standard release, while Tumbleweed is the rolling release of OpenSUSE. Most people prefer Leap for its stability. It has a cloud-agnostic design and has multi-mode architecture. This distribution has a great community that can help the users if they face any problems.
OpenSUSE does not have a separate ISO image for servers. Instead, its default installer has the option for server installation.

Website: https://www.opensuse.org/

Minimum Requirements

  • RAM: 1 GB
  • Hard Drive: 10 GB
  • Processor: 1.6 GHz

Key Features

  • Stable
  • Variety of Tools

6. SUSE Linux Enterprise Server

The sixth distribution on our list is SLES. It is based on OpenSUSE, just like RHEL is based on Fedora. OpenSUSE and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server have the same parent company, SUSE, a Germany-based open-source software company.
SLES is a commercial product of SUSE, while OpenSUSE is their non-commercial distro.

SLES has long gaps between new releases. SLES products undergo intense testing, and only the most stable and mature components are added to the final product.

Suse Linux Enterprise Server

It is very stable and secure and is used by major companies like Amazon and Google. This distro is suitable for all types of servers.

Website: https://www.suse.com/products/server/

Minimum Requirements

  • Hard Drive: 3.5 GB
  • RAM: 512
  • Processor: 1GHz

Key Features

  • LTS
  • Flexible and Configurable
  • Powerful Tools

7. Oracle Linux

Next up, we have Oracle Linux, which is an open-source Linux distribution compiled from RHEL source code. This distribution is packaged and distributed by Oracle and is compatible with RHEL’s application library. It offers powerful tools which make it suitable for memory management and file organization. It can be used for virtual environments and data systems.

Oracle Linux Server

This distribution is entirely free. However, Oracle does offer paid premium support. It is a competitor of RHEL and is best for small to large-scale enterprises.

Minimum Requirements

  • Hard Drive: 1 GB
  • RAM: 1 GB
  • Processor: 1 GHz

Key Features

  • RHEL compatibility
  • Tools for network stacking

8. Arch Linux

The eighth distribution on our list has been decreasing in popularity in recent times. It is not beginner-friendly and is suitable for experienced users as it does not offer the level of supporting the other distributions in this list do.

ArchLinux is a general-purpose distribution and can be heavily customized according to one’s needs.

Arch Linux Server

If you’re looking for secure, lightweight distribution, and can be customized according to one’s needs, then ArchLinux is the best option out there.

Minimum Requirements

  • Hard Drive: 2 GB
  • RAM: 512 MB
  • Processor: 1GHz

Key Features

  • Heavily Customizable
  • For Experienced Users
  • Extremely lightweight and Stable

9. Slackware OS

This is another distribution that is suitable for experienced Linux users. It does not offer any official support.

This distribution is mainly suited for people who are comfortable with using the terminal as it does not offer graphical installation. It does not have auto-dependency resolution as well. These characteristics make it extremely lightweight and stable, enabling it to run on even a decade-old system.

Slackware Linux Server

The administration and configuration of Slackware are handled mainly by simple text files and shell scripts.

Although this distribution is extremely lightweight, it still comes with a lot of powerful development tools.

Minimum Requirements

  • 64MB RAM (1GB+ suggested)
  • Hard Drive: 100MB (1GB recommended)
  • Processor: 486 processor

Key Features

  • For experienced users
  • Extremely lightweight and stable
  • It runs on older systems
  • Thriving community

10. Mageia Linux

The last distribution on our list is a fork of Mandriva called Mageia. It is known for its user-friendly environment and graphic driver support. It is a community-driven simple, secure, stable, and flexible distribution.

Mageia Linux Server

This distribution is relatively new and comes with lots of powerful tools and packages.

Minimum Requirements

  • Any AMD, Intel, or VIA processor
  • 512 MB RAM
  • 5 GB Hard Drive

Key Features

  • Support for various types of servers and databases
  • Community-based

Conclusion

As you can see, each Linux distribution is unique and is customized and optimized for a certain task.

If you want to go with a thriving community, then going with Ubuntu is the best option. On the other hand, ArchLinux and SlackwareOS are preferred by experienced users. Fedora and OpenSUSE are famous for their latest and cutting-edge features. While the RHEL and SUSE are the paid commercialized distributions used by the big companies like Google, Amazon, and other Fortune 500.

So the decision of choosing the right Linux server just comes down to two things, i.e., personal preference and the task at hand.

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How To Install and Configure Drupal on Fedora 35/34 https://tecadmin.net/how-to-install-drupal-on-fedora/ https://tecadmin.net/how-to-install-drupal-on-fedora/#respond Thu, 17 Jun 2021 07:46:16 +0000 https://tecadmin.net/?p=25982 Drupal is a free and open-source content management system (CMS), is flexible for building blogs and websites. It is written in PHP programming language and uses MySQL as a backend database. Drupal is available with thousands of add-ons, which makes it highly customizable. You can deploy Drupal on any web server that supports the PHP [...]

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Drupal is a free and open-source content management system (CMS), is flexible for building blogs and websites. It is written in PHP programming language and uses MySQL as a backend database. Drupal is available with thousands of add-ons, which makes it highly customizable.

You can deploy Drupal on any web server that supports the PHP programming language. In this tutorial, we will provide you with steps to install Drupal with Apache on Fedora Linux systems.

Prerequisites

This tutorial assumes that:

  • You have a running Fedora system with sudo privileged account access
  • Already completed the LAMP Stack on Fedora system.

Step 1 – Installing Drupal on Fedora

1. You can download the latest Drupal version from the Drupal website. Alternatively, download the latest Drupal code using the following command:

wget -O /tmp/drupal.tar.gz https://www.drupal.org/download-latest/tar.gz 

2. Go to the ‘/var/www/’ folder and extract the downloaded durpal.tar.gz file. You can also change the directory to another location. In that case, use the correct folder in the next commands.

cd /var/www 
sudo tar -zxf /tmp/drupal.tar.gz 

3. Rename the extracted drupal directory to remove the version number. If required, you can keep the folder name as it is.

sudo mv drupal-*  drupal-app 

4. Next create a copy of configuration file from template. Change to “drupal-app/sites/default” directory and copy the default.settings.php file to settings.php with cp command:

cd drupal-app/sites/default 
sudo cp -p default.settings.php settings.php 

5. Now, Create a directory named "files" in the current directory drupal-app/sites/default:

sudo mkdir files 

6. Now set the proper file permissions to make it work. Initially set 777 permission to settings.php, which is required to complete installation.

sudo chmod 777 settings.php 
sudo chmod 775 files/ 
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/drupal-app 

Next, configure the Apache server to deploy the Drupal site.

Step 2 – Setup Apache

Create a Virtual Host configuration file for the Drupal installation. In order to secure your site with an SSL certificate, we recommend using a real domain pointed to your server’s IP address.

Let’s create a Apache configuration file for your domain. Make sure to change domain name with yours:

sudo vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/drupal.example.net.conf 

Add the following content.

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin admin@example.net
    ServerName drupal.example.net
    DocumentRoot /var/www/drupal-app
    <Directory /var/www/drupal-app>
        Allowoverride all
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

Change the ServerName value with your domain name.

Save and close the configuration file. Then restart the Apache service to reload the configuration file.

sudo systemctl restart httpd 

Step 3 – Running Web Installer

Open your favorite web browser and access the Drupal website as configured in Apache. As per this tutorial, we have configured the website as below URL:

http(s)://drupal.example.net

Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the Drupal installation on the Fedora Linux system.

1. Choose the default language for your Drupal application.

Drupal Installation Choose Languege

2. Then select the type of installation for Drupal. Here you have 3 options to choose from. We recommended going with the default “Standard” installation.

Drupal Installation Select Type

3. Now enter the database details to configure with Drupal. We are using MySQL/MariaDB as the database server. If you are not seeing the MySQL option, make sure you have the PHP MySQL extension installed.

You can also go with the SQLite database for small sites. But if you are planning a large site, we prefer to with MySQL.

Drupal Installation Add database Details

4. Please wait for the installation to complete. This will install all default extensions, themes to this Drupal application.

Drupal Installation Progress

5. Once the above installation finished, it will prompt you to enter application details for your Drupal. Fill in all the details properly.

Also, create an administrator account for Drupal. I recommended not to use username “admin”, keep it something else as I did “dradmin”. Keep your administrator password strong.

Drupal Installation Application Details

6. Once you completed all the steps successfully, you will be redirected to the Drupal admin dashboard. Write down your admin credentials at a secure place, which will be required for subsequent logins.

Drupal Installation  Admin Dashboard

Now customize your entire Drupal site and add the content. Here a new beautiful website journey has been started.

Step 4 – Post Installation

The Drupal installation on your Fedora system has been finished successfully. Now secure the drupal application files with proper file permissions.

cd /var/www/drupal-app 
sudo find . -type d -exec chmod 750 '{}' \; 
sudo find . -type f -exec chmod 640 '{}' \; 
sudo find sites/default/files/ -type d -exec chmod 770 '{}' \; 
sudo find sites/default/files/ -type f -exec chmod 660 '{}' \; 
sudo chmod 440 /var/www/drupal-app/sites/default/settings.php 

Also, remove the downloaded archive file from your system.

rm /tmp/drupal.tar.gz 

Conclusion

This tutorial helped you with installing Drupal on the Fedora Linux system.

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How to Disable SELinux on Fedora https://tecadmin.net/how-to-disable-selinux-on-fedora/ https://tecadmin.net/how-to-disable-selinux-on-fedora/#respond Tue, 15 Jun 2021 09:34:09 +0000 https://tecadmin.net/?p=25847 SELinux (Security-Enhanced Linux) is a Linux kernel security module that provides enhanced security for Linux systems. SELinux provides a mechanism for supporting access control security policies. This specifies how the processes communicate with each other and interact with the files. We never recommend disabling SELinux on your system, especially on production servers. For developer systems, [...]

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SELinux (Security-Enhanced Linux) is a Linux kernel security module that provides enhanced security for Linux systems. SELinux provides a mechanism for supporting access control security policies. This specifies how the processes communicate with each other and interact with the files.

We never recommend disabling SELinux on your system, especially on production servers. For developer systems, you can disable it only if hampering your work due to its policies.

SELinux Modes:

SELinux has three modes to run as described below. The default SELinux runs in Enforcing mode on a Fedora Linux system.

  • Enforcing – SELinux security policy is enforced.
  • Permissive – SELinux allows access but prints warnings on rules violations.
  • Disabled – No SELinux policy is loaded.

In this article, we will discuss how to change SELinux mode to permissive or disable it completely on a Fedora Linux system.

Check SELinux Status

You can use getenforce command to view the status of SELinux. Another command sestatus gives you more details about SELinux status.

Open a terminal on your Fedora systems and type:

sestatus 

You will see the ouptut as:

SELinux status:                 enabled
SELinuxfs mount:                /sys/fs/selinux
SELinux root directory:         /etc/selinux
Loaded policy name:             targeted
Current mode:                   enforcing
Mode from config file:          enforcing
Policy MLS status:              enabled
Policy deny_unknown status:     allowed
Memory protection checking:     actual (secure)
Max kernel policy version:      33

The above status shows that SELinux is enabled and enforced.

Set SELinux in Permissive Mode (Temporary)

The permissive mode means the SELinux policy is not enforced. SELinux does not deny any operations even if they do policy violations. It only creates logs, which is helpful for debugging.

You can set the SELinux in permissive mode temporarily by using one of the below commands.

sudo setenforce 0 
sudo setenforce Permissive 

Once the system is rebooted, the temporary mode will be disabled and SELinux will again in enforcing. Use the next method to apply changes permanently.

Set SELinux in Permissive Mode (Permanent)

You can also Configure SELinux Permissive Mode Permanently by editing the configuration file. Edit the configuration in in your favorite text edit:

sudo nano /etc/selinux/config 

Set the SELINUX value to permissive.

SELINUX=permissive

How to Disable SELinux on Fedora

File changes will reflect after the system reboot.

Permanently Disable SELinux on Fedora

Update the SELinux configuration file and set SELINUX=disabled to permanently disable the SELinux on your system. This will completely disable all the SELinux contexts.

sudo nano /etc/selinux/config 

Set SELINUX value to disabled:

SELINUX=disabled

Disable SELinux in Fedora

Reboot your instance after making changes.

Note – You can again activate the SELinux by setting SELINUX=enforcing in configuration file.

Concusion

In this tutorial, you have learned about configuring SELinux in permissive mode or disabling it completely on a Fedora Linux system. This tutorial can be followed on other Redhat-based distributions like CentOS, RHEL, etc.

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How To Install TeamViewer on Fedora 36/35/34 https://tecadmin.net/how-to-install-teamviewer-on-fedora/ https://tecadmin.net/how-to-install-teamviewer-on-fedora/#respond Mon, 14 Jun 2021 06:16:04 +0000 https://tecadmin.net/?p=25856 TeamViewer is a powerful remote desktop and file sharing application that works with most operating systems and mobile devices. In order to commercialize the use of TeamViewer, you have to purchase a license. You can use it free for personal use only. An RPM package of Teamviewer is built by the official team and is [...]

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TeamViewer is a powerful remote desktop and file sharing application that works with most operating systems and mobile devices. In order to commercialize the use of TeamViewer, you have to purchase a license. You can use it free for personal use only.

An RPM package of Teamviewer is built by the official team and is available for installation on Fedora systems. You can download the package from its official website.

This tutorial described how to install TeamViewer on the Fedora Linux system.

Prerequisites

Assuming, you have a running Fedora desktop system. Have access to the desktop environment with a sudo privileged account. The installation part can also be performed via the command line.

Installing TeamViewer on Fedora

First of all, download the latest available version of TeamViewer RPM packages from its official download page. At the writing time of this tutorial, TeamViewer 15 is the latest available version to download and install on Fedora systems.

  1. Downloading the TeamViewer Debian Package – Download the latest verson of TeamViewer Debian package. It is available at TeamViewer for Linux download page. You can also download it via the Linux command line.
    wget https://download.teamviewer.com/download/linux/teamviewer.x86_64.rpm 
    
  2. Installing TeamViewer – Use default Debian package installer (dpkg) to install Team packages. In case dpkg failed with missing dependencies, use apt-get to complete TeamViewer installation on the Ubuntu system including all the required dependencies.
    sudo dnf install teamviewer.x86_64.rpm 
    

That’s it. You have successfully installed TeamViewer on a Fedora system.

Using TeamViewer

TeamViewer application has been successfully installed on a Fedora Linux system. Now, launch the “TeamViewer” from the applications. The Application Launcher location may change as per the desktop environment. You will find an application launcher as shown below screenshot:

Launch TeamViewer on Fedora

Click the TeamViewer launcher icon to start the application. With the first time startup, click “Accept License Agreement” button to continue application.

Running TeamViewer Application on Fedora
Running TeamViewer Application on Fedora

Once the application starts, You will see the TeamViewer id of your application with a random password. You can change this password anytime or set a custom password.

Use this ID to connect your system to remote systems running with the same version of the Teamviewer application. You can also other systems with this application by entering their TeamViewer ID in the “partner ID” input box.

Conclusion

This tutorial helped you to install TeamViewer on Ubuntu systems. Additionally provides you with basic details to connect partner systems.

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How To Install XRDP (Remote Desktop) on Fedora https://tecadmin.net/how-to-install-xrdp-on-fedora/ https://tecadmin.net/how-to-install-xrdp-on-fedora/#comments Sun, 13 Jun 2021 00:24:23 +0000 https://tecadmin.net/?p=25832 Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) is a protocol that allows users to access desktops on remote systems. The XRDP service provides you a graphical login to the remote machines using Microsoft RDP (​Remote Desktop Protocol). The XRDP also supports two-way clipboard transfer (text, bitmap, file), audio redirection, and drive redirection (mount local client drives on the [...]

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Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) is a protocol that allows users to access desktops on remote systems. The XRDP service provides you a graphical login to the remote machines using Microsoft RDP (​Remote Desktop Protocol). The XRDP also supports two-way clipboard transfer (text, bitmap, file), audio redirection, and drive redirection (mount local client drives on the remote machines).

This tutorial helps you to Install XRDP Server (Remote Desktop) on a Fedora Linux system. Also provides the instructions to install a Desktop environment on your system.

Step 1 – Install Desktop Environment

Fedora workstation comes with a default desktop environment. In case you have installed Fedora minimal version or server edition will not have desktop installed. The XRDP server is designed to controls only desktop systems. So you will need to add a desktop environment to your system.

Open a terminal and upgrade all installed packages with the following command:

sudo dnf upgrade 

Once your system is updated, install search for the available Desktop environment for your system.

sudo dnf grouplist -v 

Choose a desktop environment to be installed on your system. The below command will install KDE Plasma desktop on your Fedora system.

sudo dnf install @kde-desktop-environment 

Make sure to use “@” before the package name as you are going to install a group of packages.

Once the installation finished, restart your system to apply the changes.

Step 2 – Install Xrdp (Remote Desktop) on Fedora

The Xrdp packages are available under the default system repositories. You can install the remote desktop service (xrdp) on your Fedora system by executing the following command.

sudo dnf install xrdp -y 

Once the packages installed successfully, start the xrdp service and enable it to auto-start with system boots.

sudo systemctl enable xrdp 
sudo systemctl start xrdp 

Verify the service is started successfully.

sudo systemctl status xrdp 
Running XRDP on Fedora (Remote Desktop Service)
Running XRDP Service on Fedora

The above output shows the Xrdp service is up and running.

Step 3 – Adjust Firewall

The XRDP service uses a standard remote desktop protocol port ie 3389. The fedora systems come with the active FireallD service. So you need to allow access on port 3389 in the firewall for the remote systems.

Execute the following command to open firewall access:

sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=3389/tcp 

Reload the new rules.

sudo firewall-cmd --reload 

All right, Your system is ready to access over RDP protocol.

Step 4 – Manage SELinux

The systems have SELinux enforcing required to apply SELinux context on xrdp binaries. The following commands will allow the XRDP service to be accessible for remote users.

sudo chcon --type=bin_t /usr/sbin/xrdp 
sudo chcon --type=bin_t /usr/sbin/xrdp-sesman 

At this stage, your system is ready with Remote desktop service. Now connect to your system using any RDP client.

Step 5 – Connect to Remote Desktop

The Xrdp service is successfully installed and ready to connect. On your Windows client, open the RDP client and enter the IP address of the Fedora system.

You can launch the RDP client by typing "mstsc" in the run window or command line.

Connect to Fedora Remote Desktop

The first time, it will prompt a warning message due to the remote system is unknown for your system. Check the box in front of “Don’t ask me again for connection to this computer” and click Yes to continue.

Accept Certificate Warning with Fedora Remote Desktop

Once connected successfully, the remote system prompt for authentication. Enter the login credentials of the remote Fedora system to get remote desktop access.

Authenticate Fedora on XRDP Remote Desktop

On successful authentication, you’ll get remote desktop access.

Access Fedora Remote Desktop with XRDP

Hurrey, Now you can manage your remote Fedora system using the graphical interface.

Conclusion

This tutorial helped you to set up a remote desktop service on Fedora Linux using the Xrdp server. The tutorial also includes steps to install Desktop Environment on your Fedora system.

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How to Create a Sudo User in Fedora https://tecadmin.net/create-sudo-user-on-fedora/ https://tecadmin.net/create-sudo-user-on-fedora/#respond Sat, 12 Jun 2021 01:27:55 +0000 https://tecadmin.net/?p=25820 Sudo allows us to provide superuser privileges to a normal user with restrictions. It allows users to run programs with the privileges of other users. One can configure sudo to give root privileges to specific commands only. This tutorial helps you to create a new user with Sudo privileges, allow sudo access to the existing [...]

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Sudo allows us to provide superuser privileges to a normal user with restrictions. It allows users to run programs with the privileges of other users. One can configure sudo to give root privileges to specific commands only.

This tutorial helps you to create a new user with Sudo privileges, allow sudo access to the existing accounts or remove sudo privileges from any account.

Create User with Sudo Access

The adduser is the default system command to create new users on your Fedora system. In Fedora systems, a default group is created with the name “wheel” having sudo privileges. So we can assign sudo privileges to any user by adding them to the wheel group.

Let’s create a new user “tecadmin” and also add them to a group “wheel”.

sudo adduser -G wheel tecadmin 

Make sure to use -G in the capital, which is used for supplementary groups of the new account.

Next, set a strong password for the new account.

sudo passwd tecadmin 

Assign Sudo Privileges to User

Use the usermod command for making changes in the existing accounts. In this case, a user tecadmin has already been created on your system. Now add this user to a secondary group wheel. That will provide sudo privileges to your existing account.

To add user to wheel group, type:

sudo usermod -a -G wheel tecadmin 

This will just add tecadmin user to the wheel group. One can verify the same in the /etc/group file.

Remove Sudo Privileges from User

The gpasswd is an command-line utility for managing /etc/groups and /etc/shadow. With the help of this command, you can add or remove any user from groups.

Use the following command to remote remove tecadmin account from wheel group.

sudo gpasswd -d tecadmin wheel 

We also recommend viewing the /etc/sudoers file and removing any user-specific entries.

Conclusion

In this tutorial, we have discussed creating a Sudo account in the Fedora Linux system. Also includes commands to allow sudo access to the existing accounts as well as remove sudo privileges from the existing account.

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